HIV-positive men were more likely to be in this group than any other. A quarter of the respondents clustered into a medium-risk profile.Interestingly, they were the group least likely to agree with U=U messages. They were less worried about HIV stigma than other groups. These men tended to be HIV negative and relatively well educated. They had high levels of belief they could maintain safer sex and correspondingly low negative attitudes to condoms. Half the population clustered into a low-risk profile.Latent profile analysis simply looks at whether particular factors tend to congregate, rather than whether they are related to a particular outcome. HIV-positive people could belong to any profile. One important thing to note is that these profiles were quite independent of people’s actual HIV status. The researchers found that the study population tended to group into four characteristic “profiles” of clusters of risk factors. Most of the study, however, is concerned with the clustering of demographic factors, experiences and beliefs. They comment, “Although HIV treatment optimism has been found to be associated with sexual risk behavior in the past, the general lack of high HIV treatment optimism…suggests that it may be an important factor to target if the goal is to engage men living with HIV…to achieve viral suppression.” However, they had remarkably low levels of awareness of 'U=U' (Undetectable equals Untransmittable) and the fact that viral suppression reduces infection risk.
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“How often have you been in a sexual situation with someone who asked you to trust them?”.“How often have you had sex with someone because you were afraid of losing them?”.
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“How often have you had sex where you or your partner was high on drugs?”.“How often have you been lonely and depressed and had sex to feel good?”.Among the 13 questions asked were (all concerning the last year): There were nine questions about difficult sexual situations, and four about difficult relationships. These tended to be situations where there was a conflict between what people wanted to do, and what they felt pressure to do.
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They also asked questions, which turned out to be important, about what they called “difficult sexual situations and relationships”.
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It asked them to what degree they agreed that they were capable of maintaining safer sex in their relationships, that condoms were easy or difficult to use, whether HIV treatment reduced people’s infectiousness, whether they agreed that stigma against people with HIV was still severe, and so on. The other set looked at the men’s beliefs and relationships. A transmission cluster is a group of people who have similar strains of the virus, which suggests (but does not prove) HIV transmission between those individuals. By comparing the genetic sequence of the virus in different individuals, scientists can identify viruses that are closely related.